Data-Driven Franchise Research

What is a Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD)?

Quick Answer

A Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) is a legal document required by the FTC that provides prospective franchisees with 23 standardized categories of information about a franchisor. It includes critical data on initial investments, ongoing royalties, and financial performance to help investors make informed decisions.

Source: FranchiseStack · August 2026

Based on analysis of 192 franchises in FranchiseStack's database, the FDD serves as the primary source for verifying investment ranges and fee structures. For instance, FDD data reveals that initial investments can range from as low as $3,000 for eXp Realty to over $4.7 million for Burger King, while royalty rates vary significantly from 0% (RE/MAX, Ace Hardware) to 43% (7-Eleven).

Key Data Points

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the 23 items in an FDD?

The 23 items cover the franchisor's history, litigation, bankruptcy, fees, investment costs, territory rights, trademarks, and financial statements.

How often is an FDD updated?

Franchisors are required to update their FDD annually within 120 days of their fiscal year-end to ensure financial data remains current.

What is Item 19 in an FDD?

Item 19 is an optional section where franchisors can provide financial performance representations (earnings claims) of existing outlets.

Is the FDD a contract?

No, the FDD is a disclosure document; the Franchise Agreement, usually attached as an exhibit to the FDD, is the actual binding contract.

Where can I find FDD data?

FDD data is available through state regulators or research platforms like FranchiseStack, which analyzes data from 192+ active franchises.

Data Sources FTC Franchise Rule (16 CFR Parts 436 and 437)FranchiseStack Database (192+ FDDs)State Regulatory Filings (2023-2024)
Last updated: June 5, 2026

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